Ten ways to prevent child drownings

Summer will soon arrive, and UCLA emergency physicians remind parents how to prevent drowning and water immersion injuries involving children. These unfortunate events most often occur in the summer months that are filled with water activities.

In Los Angeles County, approximately 70 percent of child drownings occur during June, July and August, according to the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services.

Most of these events occur in private backyard swimming pools. More than twothirds of toddler-aged children who were found in a pool or spa were thought to have been elsewhere in the house either sleeping or playing.

"Drowning remains the leading cause of accidental death among toddlers ages 1 to 2," said Dr. Larry J. Baraff, professor of pediatrics and emergency medicine at UCLA. "One of the most preventable causes of death, this tragedy can be avoided with just a few simple precautions."

In the past five years, on average 2,200 children under 5 years old were treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments for swimming pool submersion injuries and 280 pool-related drowning deaths per year. Ninety percent of these deaths occurred at home.

Parents should follow these 10 rules to prevent a child drowning.

•Never leave a child unattended, or with a young sibling, in a swimming pool, wading pool, bathtub or Jacuzzi. Only a momentary lapse in supervision may result in a drowning—a child can drown in just two minutes.

•Pools should be fenced and gated with selflocking gates, including pools in neighborhoods, apartment complexes and family backyards. Pools must be kept clean with no covers or rafts that might obstruct one's view of a child.

•Always secure the safety cover on a spa or hot tub.

•Be sure all containers with liquids are emptied immediately after use. Do not leave empty containers in yards or around the house where they may accumulate water and attract young children.

•Adults and teenagers ages 14 and older who supervise children should know CPR. Studies have demonstrated that nearly drowned children given quick CPR suffered no brain damage while children not receiving immediate treatment sustained brain damage or death.

•Children should be given swimming lessons but should not be considered water-safe until they are 14 years old.

•Keep small children out of bathrooms unless supervised by an adult or older child. Since 1973, more than 500 children have drowned in bathtubs, hot tubs, toilets and 5-gallon buckets.

•Older children and even adults should not swim alone in the ocean or fast-moving rivers.

•Children should wear brightly colored flotation devices when boating.

•Don't mix alcohol, children and water.

For more water safety tips, visit www.lapublichealth.org.